Grammar review
Present Continuous
The present
continuous is used when talking about things that are happening at the moment
of speaking.
To be +
verb (ing)
Affirmative
Negative
Interrogative
I am
studying (I’m) I am
not studying (I’m not) Am
I studying?
You are
studying (You’re) You are not studying
(you aren’t) Are you studying?
He is
studying (he’s) He is
not studying (he isn’t) Is
he studying?
She is
studying (She’s) She is not
studying (she isn’t) Is she
studying?
It is studying
(It’s) It is not
studying (it isn’t) Is
it studying?
We are
studying (We’re) We are not
studying (we aren’t) Are we
studying?
You are
studying (You’re) You are not
studying (you aren’t) Are you studying?
They are
studying (they’re) They are not
studying (they aren’t) Are they
studying?
They are
working now.
They aren’t
studying now.
Are they
playing volleyball now?
Exercises:
1)He is
traveling at this moment.
Neg:
Int:
2) She
isn’t sleeping.
Aff:
Int:
3) Are they
cooking?
Aff:
Neg:
Answer:
a)What is
your brother/sister doing now?
b) Are you
reading any book at this moment? If so, which?
Past Continuous:
It’s used
to express an action in the past, but there is an idea of movement
TO BE in
the past (was, were) + verb (ing)
WAS – I,HE,
SHE AND IT
WERE – YOU,
WE, THEY
She was
working last weekend
She wasn’t
studying last weekend
Was she
traveling last weekend?
They were
playing soccer last Saturday
They weren’t
playing volleyball last Saturday
Were they
working last Saturday?
Exercises:
1)She was studying
last Saturday
Neg:
Int:
2)They
weren’t working last Sunday
Aff:
Int:
3) Was she playing
basketball last Friday?
Aff:
Neg:
Answer:
a)What were
you doing last Saturday night?
b) What was
your brother/sister doing yesterday morning?
Simple
Present
The Simple
Present is used to talk about routines or habits.
Aux: Do and
does
Do – I,
you, we and they
Does – he,
she and it
Do you
speak Spanish?
Yes, I do
No, I don’t
Yes, I
speak Spanish
No, I don’t
speak Spanish
Does she
like sandwich?
Yes, she
does
No, she
doesn’t
Yes, she
likes sandwich
No, she
doesn’t like sandwich
I like –
you like – he likes – she likes - it
likes – we like – you like – they like
Exercises:
1)Do you
play the violin?
Aff:
Neg:
2) They
don’t study German
Aff:
Int:
3) Do they
like European films?
Aff:
Neg:
4) She
speaks German.
Neg:
Int:
5) He
doesn’t play soccer.
Aff:
Int:
6) Does she
travel to Europe every year?
Aff:
Neg:
Answer:
a)Do you
prefer American or Brazilian food?
b) Does
your sister/brother speak English?
c) Do you
like sports?
Simple Past
It’s used
to express an action that happened at a specific time in the past and has been
completed.
Aux: Did –
interrogative and negative sentences
Did you
travel to Europe last month?
Yes, I did
No, I
didn’t
Yes, I
traveled to Europe last month
No, I
didn’t travel to Europe last month
Did you
understand that exercise?
Yes, I did
No, I
didn’t
Yes, I
understood that exercise
No, I
didn’t understand that exercise.
Exercises:
1)Did you
go to London last year?
Aff:
Neg:
2) Did she
play volleyball in the morning?
Aff:
Neg:
3) She
studied English last Saturday.
Neg:
Int:
4) He
didn’t write a book last year.
Aff:
Int:
Answer:
a)Where did
you go in your last vacation?
b) Did you
visit your family last Christmas?
Present Perfect
The Present
Perfect is used in four different cases:
Auxiliaries
– HAVE AND HAS + PAST PARTICIPLE
Have – I,
you, we and they
Has – he,
she and it
Neg: hasn’t
and haven’t
Int: have
you ? Has he?
First: An
action that starts in the past and continues up to the present
She has
lived in New York since 2011.
They have
worked in Canada for two years.
Second: An
action that describes an indefinite time in the past
She has
played basketball.
They have
visited Portugal.
Third: An
action that describes a repeated action in the past
She has
played basketball once.
They have
visited Portugal three times
Fourth: An
action that finished a few moments ago
She has
just arrived
They have
just called you.
Exercises:
1)She has
written an email
Neg:
Int:
2) They
haven’t visited London
Aff:
Int:
3) Have you
played the violin?
Aff:
Neg:
4) Has she gone
to Italy?
Aff:
Neg:
5) She
hasn’t worked in Canada
Aff:
Int:
Answer:
a)How long
have you lived in your house?
b) Has your
sister/brother played any musical instrument?
c) How many
states have you visited in Brazil?
d) Has your
sister/brother traveled to Europe?
Simple Future and Near Future
Simple Future – auxiliary WILL + Verb
Infinitive
Simple
Future is used to express an action that is an uncertain situation, only a
plan.
She will
buy a new house.
They will
travel to Canada.
Neg: won’t
He won’t
travel to Portugal next year
They won’t
study Italian next semester
Int:
Will you go
to the party next weekend?
Will she go
to London next year?
Near Future – auxiliary to be + going to + verb
infinitive
It’s used
to express a certain action in the future
They are
going to buy a new house. They have US$ 500.000,00
She is
going to take an umbrella because it’s raining.
Neg: They
aren’t going to travel to Europe.
She isn’t going to play volleyball
tonight.
Int: Is
Brazil going to win the next World Cup?
Are they going to study English tonight?
Exercises:
1)She will
visit a museum in Europe
Neg:
Int:
2) They
won’t work next Saturday.
Aff:
Int:
3) He is
going to buy a new house
Neg:
Int:
4) They
aren’t going to visit Italy
Aff:
Int:
Answer:
a)What will
you do next Christmas?
b) What are
you going to do next weekend?
c) Are you
going to study English on Monday?
d) Is your
brother/sister going to travel next Friday?
Conditional
It’s used
to express a possibility
Auxiliary
WOULD + VERB INFINITIVE FORM
Would you
like a glass of water?
Yes, I’d
like
Would you
go to a war?
No, I
wouldn’t go.
What would
you do if you had US$ 1 million?
I’d buy houses
and cars
I wouldn’t
buy a Ferrari
Exercises:
1)She would
go to London
Neg:
Int:
2) They wouldn’t
travel to the USA.
Aff:
Int:
Answer:
a)What
would you like to do next weekend?
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